bell adapters which are like mechanical joint adapters but contain a stainless steel backup ring to maintain a positive seal against the mating flange : 347.mechanical joint (MJ) adapters for joining polyethylene pipe to another material : 349.expansion adapters which have a flexible section to absorb expansion or contraction from two dissimilar pipe materials.any fitting that connects pipes of different materials, including:.In plumbing, an adapter is generally a fitting that interfaces two different parts. Two threaded adapters for connecting copper pipe (sweat) to a female thread Stress develops between an RTJ gasket and the flange groove when the gasket is bolted to a flange, leading to plastic deformation of the gasket. Spiral-wound gaskets are used with raised-face flanges, and ring-joint gaskets are used with ring-type joint (RTJ) flanges. Non-metallic gaskets are used with flat- or raised-face flanges. Commonly used gaskets are non-metallic (ASME B 16.21), spiral-wound (ASME B 16.20) and ring-joint (ASME B 16.20). Gaskets vary by construction, materials and features. Gaskets are mechanical seals, usually ring-shaped, which seal flange joints. Fire resistance, earthquake resistance, mechanical ruggedness, theft resistance, and other factors also influence the choice of pipe and fitting materials. Brass or bronze fittings are common in copper piping and plumbing systems.
Pipe fluid conveyance code#
Any material permitted by the plumbing, health, or building code (as applicable) may be used, but it must be compatible with the other materials in the system, the fluids being transported, and the temperature and pressure inside (and outside) the system.
The bodies of fittings for pipe and tubing are often the same base material as the pipe or tubing connected: copper, steel, PVC, CPVC, or ABS. Non-metallic (includes acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and toughened glass polybutylene has also been used, but is now banned in North America because of poor reliability).Non-ferrous metals (includes copper, inconel, incoloy, and cupronickel).Chrome-molybdenum (alloy) steel (generally used for high-temperature service).Materials used for manufacturing pipes include: The material with which a pipe is manufactured is often the basis for choosing a pipe.
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